Table 3.

Cumulative probability (unadjusted) over 18 years and age- and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for death (underlying cause) by gallstone disease (GSD)^* status among persons examined in the morning after an overnight fast in the United States, 1988 - 2006

Mortality outcome GSD status	Number of deaths	Unadjusted cumulative mortality (%)†	Age-adjusted (n=6,258)		Multivariate-adjusted‡ (n=5,569)		Multivariate-adjusted§ (n=5,535)
			Hazard ratio∥	95% C.I.	Hazard ratio∥	95% C.I.	Hazard ratio∥	95% C.I.
All-cause
No GSD	739	13.1	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	257	36.6	1.4	1.1 - 1.6	1.4	1.1 - 1.8	1.4	1.1 - 1.8
Cardiovascular disease
No GSD	280	4.8	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	96	17.4	1.4	0.90 - 2.1	1.3	0.87 - 2.0	1.3	0.86 - 2.0
Cancer
No GSD	216	4.0	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	83	13.2	1.6	1.1 - 2.4	1.8	1.2 - 2.8	1.8	1.1 - 2.8
Digestive disease (excludes dental, malignant, and infectious)
No GSD	32	0.51	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	16	1.8	1.6	0.72 – 3.4	1.4	0.58 – 3.3	1.4	0.57 - 3.2
Diabetes
No GSD	13	0.15	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	9	1.1	2.9	0.79 - 10.4	NC	--	NC	--
Infectious disease
No GSD	47	1.2	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	8	1.1	0.65	0.13 - 3.2	NC	--	NC	--
Other
No GSD	151	3.1	1.0		1.0		1.0
GSD	45	8.0	0.99	0.62 - 1.6	0.96	0.56 - 1.6	0.93	0.56 - 1.6

NC=no convergence to hazard ratio estimate

^*Ultrasound-documented gallstones or evidence of a cholecystectomy.

^†Estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

^‡Adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, glucose status (doctor-diagnosed diabetes, hemoglobin A_1C >=6.5% (95^th percentile)), total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking, drinking, caffeine, physical activity, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.

^§Adjusted for factors in previous column (excluding glucose status) plus fasting triglycerides and HOMA-IR.

^∥Estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.