Table 2.
Studies combining local application of microbial products with photodynamic therapy of tumors.
| Adjuvant | Source | PDT agent | Tumor model | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OK432 | Penicillin-killed streptococci | Hematoporphyrin derivative | Murine NR-S1 squamous cell carcinoma | [153] |
| CpG | Oligodeoxynucleotide | BPD (verteporfin) | Murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma | [154] |
| MCWE | Mycobacterium cell wall extract |
Photofrin, BPD, mTHPC, ZnPc | Murine EMT6 sarcoma | [155] |
| BCG | Live mycobacterial vaccine | Photofrin, BPD, mTHPC, ZnPc | Murine EMT6 sarcoma | [156] |
|
Cryptosporidium parvum |
Killed bacterial vaccine | Hematoporphyrin derivative | Murine MBT2 transitional cell carcinoma | [157] |
| Glycated chitosan | Polysaccharide preparation | Photofrin, mTHPC | Murine EMT6 sarcoma, line 1 lung cancer |
[133] |
| Schizophyllan | Fungal β-glucan | Photofrin | Murine SCCVII squamous carcinoma | [134] |
| Zymosan | Yeast cell wall extract | Photofrin, mTHPC | Murine SCCVII squamous and LLC lung carcinomas |
[135] |
| Imiquimod topical |
Small molecule TLR8 agonist | ALA–PPIX | Human HPV-associated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia |
[158] |
ALA–PPIX: 5-aminolevulinic acid–protoporphyrin IX; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; BPD: Benzoporphyrin derivative; HPV: Human papilloma virus; LLC: Lewis lung carcinoma; MCWE: Mycobacterium cell wall extract; mTHPC: M-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin; PDT: Photodynamic therapy; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; ZnPc: Zinc phtalocyanine.