Figure 5. NPS increases frequency of action potential currents recorded using cell-attached voltage-clamp.

(A) Baseline trace before and (B) after addition of NPS in a representative projection neuron displays an increase in downward vertical deflections indicating spike currents. (C) Summary of NPS effects on spike activity pooled for all tested projection neurons (n = 5). (D) Control trace before and (E) after addition of NPS in a representative interneuron also shows increased action potential activity, as pooled (F) for all recorded interneurons (n = 4). * P<0.05, ** P<0.01.