Table 1.
Human studies with resveratrol
| Aim of Study | Dose | N= | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Safety and Dose-Finding | 0–5 g orally | 10 | Safe up to 5 g, highest levels in blood were 1.5 hours after intake. Urinary excretion of resveratrol was rapid, so a high dose of resveratrol maybe insufficient for chemopreventative proterties. | [93] |
| Safety, pharmacokinetics, dosing with quercetin or alcohol | 2000 mg twice daily with food | 8 | Resveratrol was well tolerated, but 6/8 subjects reported diarrhea | [89] |
| Effects of food on resveratrol absorption | 400 mg | 24 | The extent of absorption wasn’t affected by food, but the rate of reveratrol absorption was delayed in the presence of food. | [94] |
| Pharmacokinetics of multiple doses | 0–150 mg, 6x/day | 40 | Repeated dosing was well tolerated, but still no high plasma concentrations of resveratrol. Bioavailability was higher after morning administration | [95] |
| Pharmacokinetics of repeated dosing versus age | 200 mg, 3x/day | 24 | No difference in pharmacokinetics was seen in young versus old patients, and resveratrol was well tolerated by all. | [79] |
| Bioavailability from red wine consumption | 246 µg-1.92 mg, in 3 different wines | 25 | The meal content did not affect resveratrol bioavailability. Only trace amounts of resveratrol were found (in only some subjects) 30 minutes after ingestion. | [96] |
| Absorption and metabolism | 0.36 mg/kg (resveratrol only) | 12 | Urine excretion of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Peak concentrations of polyphenols does not appear high enough for chemopreventive activity | [97] |
| Pharmacokinetics and specific protein interactions | 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g | 40 | Resveratrol decreased levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, which may contribute to chemoprevention. Resveratrol was safe but at higher doses caused some gastrointestinal symptoms. Plasma levels of metabolites exceeded those of resveratrol | [88] |
| Effects on pharmacologic doses of drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes | 1 g | 42 | Resveratrol affects enzymes involved in cancer activation and detoxification, and therefore my provide some chemopreventative properties. However, resveratrol also altered drug efficacy. | [56] |