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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2010 Dec 9;95(3):277–285. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.12.002

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Mean (±SE) plasma cortisol levels by learning type. Non-attempting fish exhibited significantly higher levels of cortisol than either learners or non-learners, in ng/ml. Open bars represent learners (L); grey bars represent non-learners (NL); black bars represent non-attempting fish (NA). Sample sizes were L=11, NL=29, NA=5.