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(a) Invasion speed of an introduced IG predator (c) as a function of the fitness gain from consuming competitors (Epred), for cases where the invader is able (thin line) or unable (thick line) to invade in the absence of IGP. The dashed line depicts the invasion speed in the absence of competitors (c0). (b) Invasion speed as a function of the fitness reduction through resource competition (Ecomp).
