Table 3.

Characteristics Associated with Nondipping Status in Young Adults (CARDIA Year 5)

	n/N	Percent	Mean (SD)	p-value
Age categories				0.51
2329 y	51/120	42.5
3036 y	67/144	46.5
Sex				0.65
Male	55/119	46.2
Female	63/145	43.5
Race				0.004
White	32/97	33.0
Black	86/167	51.5
Education level				0.89
< High school	5/12	41.7
High school graduate	37/79	46.8
At least some college	76/173	43.9
BMI categories				0.07
Normal (<25 kg/m2)	48/118	40.7
Overweight (25-29 kg/m2)	33/81	40.7
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2)	37/65	56.9
Known diabetes				0.49
Yes	3/5	60.0
No	115/259	44.4
Family history of hypertension				0.97
Yes	69/154	44.8
No	49/110	44.6
Smoker				0.22
Never smoker	69/165	41.8
Former/current smoker	49/99	49.5
Alcohol consumption, mL/day				0.65
Nondippers (n=118)	-	-	11.9 (23.9)
Dippers (n=146)	-	-	10.6 (22.0)
Physical activity, Kcal/day				0.82
Nondippers (n=118)	-	-	316.0 (241.0)
Dippers (n=146)	-	-	323.3 (286.9)

BMI, body mass index; Dipper = mean nighttime:mean daytime systolic BP ratio of <0.90;Nondipper = mean nighttime:mean daytime systolic BP ratio ≥0.90