Table 4.

Incidences of Pre-Hypertension or Hypertension by Baseline Nocturnal BP Pattern (N=264)

	Dippers	Non-/Reverse Dippers	p-value
Crude
No. of cases/Total	64/146	64/118
Rate (No. per 1000 person-years)	29.2	36.2
HR (95% CI)	1.0	1.33	0.10
Race-adjusted
HR (95% CI)	1.0	1.22	0.27
Adjusted for race and BMI
HR ((95% CI)	1.0	1.13	0.50
Fully adjusted **
HR (95% CI)	1.0	1.15	0.45

HR, hazard ratio

Incident prehypertension was defined as clinic BP ≥120/80 mm Hg. Incident hypertension was defined as clinic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication at any of CARDIA years 7, 10, 15 or 20. Those taking BP meds or with a BP ≥140/90 mm Hg at CARDIA year 5 (CARDIA Year 5 is baseline for this analysis) were excluded. An “event” occurred if a change in BP category was detected (optimal BP to prehypertension, prehypertension to hypertension, or optimal BP to hypertension).

^**Adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline clinic systolic BP, BMI, diabetes, family history of hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, an physical activity