Table 2.
PC precursor lesions in extratumoral parenchyma of patients with EOPCs and patients in control groups 1–2
| Variable | Main study group: EOPCs (n = 23) | Control group 1: NENs of the pancreas in young patients (n = 13) | Control group 2: ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas in older patients (n = 39) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Studied area of EPP (cm2, median, IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.5) | 19.0 (15.5–33.0) |
| Prevalence of PanINs-1A | 22/23 | 7/13 | 39/39 |
| Density of PanINs-1A (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.40 (0.24–0.77) | 0.11 (0.0–0.21), p = 0.0001 a | 0.19 (0.12–0.27), p = 0.0002 b |
| Prevalence of PanINs-1B | 21/23 | 7/13 | 39/39 |
| Density of PanINs-1B (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.34 (0.17–0.50) | 0.07 (0.0–0.21), p = 0.006 a | 0.26 (0.16–0.42), p = 0.536b |
| Prevalence of PanINs-2 | 15/23 | 0/13 | 37/39 |
| Density of PanINs-2 (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.17 (0.0–0.25) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.0003 a | 0.12 (0.06–0.16), p = 0.683b |
| Prevalence of PanINs-3 | 9/23 | 0/13 | 30/39 |
| Density of PanINs-3 (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.17) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.012 a | 0.07 (0.02–0.12), p = 0.069b |
| Overall prevalence of PanINs | 22/23 | 8/13 | 39/39 |
| Overall density of PanINs (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 1.20 (0.75–1.33) | 0.17 (0.0–0.42), p = 0.0001 a | 0.71 (0.47–1.04), p = 0.003 b |
| Prevalence of FLA | 13/23 | 7/13 | 38/39 |
| Rate of FLA to PanINs (median, IQR) | 0.17 (0.0–0.33) | 0.32 (0.21–1.0), p = 0.077 a | 0.29 (0.19–0.52), p = 0.018 b |
| Prevalence of mucinous tubular complexes | 7/23 | 4/13 | 28/39 |
| Rate of mucinous tubular complexes to PanINs (median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.13) | 0.1 (0.0–0.58), p = 0.135 a | 0.17 (0.0–0.28), p = 0.002 b |
| Prevalence of low-grade incipient IPMNs | 0/23 | 0/13 | 7/39 |
| Density of low-grade incipient IPMNs (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), NA | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.034 b |
| Prevalence of moderate-grade incipient IPMNs | 1/23 | 0/13 | 7/39 |
| Density of moderate-grade incipient IPMNs (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.488 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.154b |
| Prevalence of high-grade incipient IPMNs | 0/23 | 0/13 | 8/39 |
| Density of high-grade incipient IPMNs (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), NA | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.022 b |
| Overall prevalence of incipient IPMNs | 1/23 | 0/13 | 9/39 |
| Overall density of incipient IPMNs (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.488 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.059 b |
| Overall prevalence of precursor lesions of PC | 22/23 | 8/13 | 39/39 |
| Overall density of precursor lesions of PC (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 1.20 (0.87–1.33) | 0.17 (0.0–0.42), p = 0.0001 a | 0.75 (0.48–1.08), p = 0.008 b |
| Overall prevalence of high-grade precursor lesions of PC | 9/23 | 0/13 | 32/39 |
| Overall density of high-grade precursor lesions of PC (no. of lesions cm−2, median, IQR) | 0.0 (0.0–0.17) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0), p = 0.012 a | 0.09 (0.05–0.18), p = 0.024 b |
EOPC Early onset pancreatic cancer, NEN neuroendocrine neoplasm, EPP extratumoral pancreatic parenchyma, IQR interquartile range, PanIN pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, FLA focal lobular atrophy, IPMN intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, NA not available (cannot be calculated), PC pancreatic cancer
aMedian values of studied variables in patients with EOPCs versus median values in young patients with NENs, Mann–Whitney U tests, statistically significant results are in bold
bMedian values of studied variables in patients with EOPCs versus median values in older patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinomas, Mann–Whitney U tests, statistically significant results are in bold