Table 1.
Gender specific demographic, biometric, medical and dietary characteristics of the ELAN population. See text for description of social class.
| Variable | Women | Men | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 548 | n = 349 | ||
| Age (years) | 50.1 ± 5.8 | 50.9 ± 6.0 | .057 |
| Smoking | |||
| No | 402 (73) | 262 (75) | .55 |
| Yes | 145 (27) | 86 (25) | |
| Height (m) | 1.64 ± 0.07 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | <.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.2 ± 13.4 | 83.6 ± 13.3 | <.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 25.0 ± 4.7 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | <.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123 ± 14 | 128 ± 13 | <.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 8.8 | 79 ± 9.6 | <.0001 |
| Intestinal disorders | |||
| No | 429 (79) | 301 (86) | .0039 |
| Yes | 117 (21) | 48 (14) | |
| Physical activity | |||
| No | 339 (62) | 202 (58) | .19 |
| Yes | 205 (38) | 147 (42) | |
| Living environment | |||
| Rural | 195 (36) | 126 (36) | .69 |
| Semi urban | 152 (28) | 104 (30) | |
| Urban | 201 (37) | 119 (34) | |
| Dietary intakes (g/day) | |||
| Total vitamin C | 142 ± 68.7 | 118 ± 70.1 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin C (fruit) | 96.6 ± 58.8 | 75.1 ± 58.8 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin C (vegetables) | 47.3 ± 27.8 | 43.3 ± 25.7 | <.0001 |
| Total β-carotene | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 4.0 ± 2.6 | <.0001 |
| Total β-carotene (fruit) | 1.8 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 1.9 | <.0001 |
| Total β-carotene (vegetables) | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | .045 |
| Social class | |||
| I | 29 (5.5) | 51 (15.0) | <.0001 |
| II | 1 (0.2) | 14 (4.1) | |
| IIIa | 9 (1.7) | 34 (10.0) | |
| IIIb | 245 (46.1) | 115 (33.9) | |
| IV | 59 (11.1) | 66 (19.5) | |
| Va | 25 (5.1) | 38 (11.2) | |
| Vb | 162 (30.5) | 21 (6.2) |