Fig. 1.

Curcumin causes conversion of LC3 protein and SQSTM1 degradation. HCT116 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of curcumin for 20 h. (A) LC3-I and LC3-II protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Equal amounts of proteins were loaded and immunoblot of GAPDH was used as the loading control. (B) LC3 trunover was calculated based on the relative amount of LC3-I or LC3-II protein measured by the software Image Gauge 3.01 (Fujifilm). Data are expressed as the mean±SD of three independent experiments (^*p<0.05). (C) Total RNAs were isolated and subjected to RT-PCR. LC3 mRNA expression was determined and normalized to that of GAPDH. (D) SQSTM1 protein levels in cell lysates were determined by Western blot analysis. Equal amounts of proteins were loaded and immunoblot of GAPDH was used as the loading control. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments.