Fig. 5.

Curcumin-induced ROS production and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, but not Jun JNK causes induction and processing of LC3 proteins. (A) HCT116 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of NAC for 2 h and subsequently stimulated with 20µM curcumin for 20 h. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK was determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation of MAPKs was determined with Western blot analysis and GAPDH was used as a loading control. Results are from three independent experiments. (B~D) Cells were pre-treated with MAPK inhibitors and then exposed to 20µM curcumin for 20 h. Total cell lysates were applied to Western blot analysis to detect GFP-LC3, endogenous LC3-II, and SQSTM1 protein levels. GAPDH was used as a loading control. The data shown are representative of at least three independent experiments.