Table 1. Signs and symptoms indicating a sleep disorder.

Nighttime

Apneic episodes Frequent awakenings Noticeable snoring Wandering Falls Talking while asleep Frequent leg movement during sleep or when lying in bed awake

Daytime

Agitation, hostility, combativeness Excessive daytime sleepiness and/or napping Falls Reduced cognitive function: problems in concentration, attention, and memory Loss of physical function Falling asleep early in the evening Reduced participation in activities Complaints by roommate or caregiver

Sources: (American Medical Directors Association, 2006; Martin, Shochat, & Ancoli-Israel, 2000; Bloom et al., 2009)