| Central Nervous System stimulants |
Modanfinil, Caffiene |
Sleep onset difficulties |
| Stimulating antidepressants |
Protriptyline, buproprion, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
Reduced REM sleep, short total sleep time |
| Lithium |
Lithium |
Daytime sleepiness |
| Antihypertensives |
Beta-blockers, alpha blockers |
Insomnia, nightmares, vivid dreams, daytime fatigue |
| Bronchodialators |
Theophylline, albuterol |
Sleep onset difficulties, increase in awakenings during night |
| Corticosteroids |
Prednisone, dexamethasone |
Daytime fatigue, sleep onset difficulties, and increase in awakenings during night |
| Decongestants |
Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine |
Sleep onset difficulties |
| Antihistamines |
diphenhydramine |
Daytime sleepiness (older varieties) |
| Histamine Type 2 receptor antagonists |
Cimetidine, rantidine, famotidine, and nizatidine |
Insomnia and somnolence |
| Analgesics |
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Opoids |
Decreased sleep efficiency, Sedation, decrease REM and SWS |
| Antiparkinsonian Drugs |
Levodopa/carbidopa (high doses), Dopamine agonists |
Insomnia, daytime sleepiness |
| Antipsychotic Drugs |
Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine |
Sedation |
