. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 22.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes Educ. 2011 Feb 22;37(2):239–253. doi: 10.1177/0145721710394874

Table 5.

Sex-Specific Antioxidant Intake Profile for the En Balance Participants at Baseline and 3 Months^a

Antioxidant Intake	Recommended	Baseline	Three Months	P
Men: n, 13
Vitamin E, mg	15^b,^c	13.19 ± 9.77	10.32 ± 4.81	.552
Vitamin C, mg	90^b	208.73 ± 172.12	229.60 ± 123.78	.552
Vitamin A, μg	900^b,^d	1815.12 ± 1645.48	3264.11 ± 3868.18	.196
Beta carotene, μg	NR	7648.05 ± 7440.54	9512.80 ± 7829.29	.196
Selenium, μg	55^b	119.78 ± 40.76	108.93 ± 36.89	.600
Women: n, 18
Vitamin E, mg	15^b,^c	13.64 ± 9.39	9.89 ± 4.68	.078
Vitamin C, mg	75^b	239.51 ± 147.75	174.70 ± 87.84	.018^*
Vitamin A, μg	700^b,^d	2348.88 ± 2218.51	1780.65 ± 1425.40	.286
Beta carotene, μg	NR	6086.84 ± 4510.71	5671.04 ± 3832.85	.500
Selenium, μg	55^b	137.40 ± 71.39	105.88 ± 43.35	.112

NR, no recommendation established. Values based on per day. Data are shown as mean ± SD. P value is based on Wilcoxon signed–rank test comparing En Balance baseline and 3-month values.

Recommended dietary allowances.

Vitamin E recommendations expressed as α-tocopherol

Vitamin A recommendations expressed as retinol activity equivalents.

P < .05.