Table 2.
Predicting the Probability of GHQ Caseness at Study Phase PT+1 by Sociodemographic and Behavior-Related Risk Markers Assessed at Phase PT.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Main effect† | Main effect† | Interaction effect†† | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Female | 1.29*** (1.21-1.37) | 1.38*** (1.27-1.50) | 0.95* (0.90-1.00) |
| SES | |||
| Low | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Intermediate | 0.92* (0.85-0.99) | 1.01 (0.91-1.12) | 0.88*** (0.83-0.94) |
| High | 0.90** (0.83-0.97) | 1.04 (0.94-1.15) | 0.83*** (0.79-0.89) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Single | 1.09* (1.01-1.18) | 1.01 (0.90-1.12) | 1.09* (1.01-1.16) |
| Divorced | 0.99 (0.88-1.10) | 1.16 (1.00-1.35) | 0.87** (0.80-0.95) |
| Widow | 0.97 (0.79-1.19) | 1.14 (0.86-1.51) | 0.92 (0.80-1.05) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Other | 1.17* (1.05-1.30) | 1.03 (0.90-1.19) | 1.17** (1.06-1.29) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Low | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Intermediate | 0.87*** (0.82-0.94) | 0.93 (0.84-1.02) | 0.96 (0.90-1.01) |
| High | 0.84*** (0.78-0.90) | 0.87** (0.79-0.96) | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| None | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Moderate | 0.94 (0.87-1.02) | 1.09 (0.99-1.21) | 0.87*** (0.81-0.93) |
| Heavy | 0.91 (0.83-1.01) | 1.06 (0.93-1.21) | 0.88** (0.82-0.96) |
| Smoking | |||
| Non-smoker | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Smoker | 1.13** (1.04-1.23) | 1.13* (1.01-1.26) | 1.01 (0.94-1.09) |
| Obesity | |||
| Not obese | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) |
| Obese | 1.11* (1.01-1.23) | 1.08 (0.95-1.24) | 1.04 (0.97-1.12) |
Note:
p<.001,
p<.01,
p<.05;
All models are multilevel logistic regression models fitted separately for each risk marker and adjusted for age, sex, period, cumulative GHQ-history score, and interaction effect between period and cumulative GHQ-history score; Model 1 includes only main effects, model 2 includes main effects and interaction effects between risk markers and cumulative GHQ-history score.
The main effect estimates show odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) associated with a one unit change in the independent variable. In model 2, the main effect is shown for participants who have a cumulative GHQ score of 0.