Table 2.
Relative risks (RR) for the association between baseline risk factors and outcome at 12-months (n = 389).
| Risk factor | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |
| Gender (F) | 1.03 | (0.64, 1.66) | – | – |
| Age group (older) | 1.02 | (0.63, 1.65) | – | – |
| Less education | 2.04 | (1.23, 3.38) | 1.20 | (0.71, 2.04) |
| Not being in employment | 9.38 | (4.92, 17.87) | 4.15 | (2.03, 8.51) |
| Dissatisfaction with work status | 3.89 | (2.27, 6.65) | 1.77 | (0.99, 3.17) |
| Work absence | 5.57 | (3.39, 9.14) | 2.40 | (1.40, 4.10) |
| Previous history | 1.01 | (0.50, 2.03) | – | – |
| Long duration | 2.39 | (1.46, 3.90) | 1.66 | (1.01, 2.74) |
| High functional disability | 6.51 | (3.80, 11.14) | 2.81 | (1.42, 5.57) |
| High pain intensity | 10.18 | (4.66, 22.24) | 4.13 | (1.73, 9.88) |
| Leg pain | 3.00 | (1.53, 5.86) | 1.34 | (0.67, 2.68) |
| Distal leg pain | 1.77 | (1.10, 2.84) | 0.99 | (0.61, 1.62) |
| Upper body pain | 3.78 | (1.64, 8.74) | 2.17 | (0.93, 5.05) |
| Bothersomeness | 6.05 | (3.00, 12.18) | 2.11 | (0.92, 4.82) |
| Anxiety | 4.56 | (2.71, 7.67) | 1.84 | (1.05, 3.25) |
| Depression | 3.97 | (2.47, 6.39) | 1.53 | (0.90, 2.61) |
| Fear-avoidance | 2.14 | (1.32, 3.46) | 1.08 | (0.66, 1.78) |
| Catastrophising | 4.94 | (3.01, 8.11) | 1.46 | (0.83, 2.54) |
| Poor self-rated health | 5.61 | (3.17, 9.95) | 2.46 | (1.35, 4.51) |
| Low vitality | 2.88 | (1.79, 4.61) | 1.05 | (0.63, 1.76) |