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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Aging Res. 2011 Mar;37(2):198–219. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2011.554513

Table 2.

Language Sample Measures For Young And Older Adults.

Young Adults Older Adults

M SD M SD
MLU
Emphasis on Tracking 13.6a 4.1 12.1a 4.3
Equal Emphasis 13.6a 3.5 11.9a 4.1
Emphasis on Talking 13.7a 3.9 11.7a 4.3

WPM
Emphasis on Tracking 131c 27 96a 38
Equal Emphasis 143b 44 103b 37
Emphasis on Talking 158a 37 126c 35

MCU
Emphasis on Tracking 1.1c 0.4 1.1a 0.4
Equal Emphasis 1.4b 0.5 1.2a 0.4
Emphasis on Talking 2.5a 0.4 1.1a 0.4

DLevel
Emphasis on Tracking 3.1c 1.1 3.1a 0.9
Equal Emphasis 3.6b 1.2 3.2a 1.0
Emphasis on Talking 3.9a 1.4 3.2a 1.1

PDensity
Emphasis on Tracking 5.6a 1.1 5.3a 0.6
Equal Emphasis 5.8a 0.8 5.4a 0.6
Emphasis on Talking 5.9a 1.3 5.5a 0.8

Note: MLU = mean length of utterance; WPM = words per minute; MCU = mean clauses per utterance; DLevel = developmental level; PDensity = propositional density.

Note: For each measure, means in the same column with different subscripts are significantly different at p < .05.