Table 1. IC₅₀ Values for Lipid Electrophiles in RKO and THP-1 Cells.

^aRKO cells were seeded into 96-well plates (7.5 × 10³ cells/well). After 24 h, cells were challenged with various concentrations of the lipid electrophile (0−500 μM) in the presence of serum. Following a 24−48 h treatment, the cells were washed with PBS and incubated with 2 μM calcein-AM. Fluorescence was monitored at 517 nm, and cell viability was correlated with fluorescent intensity. THP-1 cells were seeded into 96-well plates (3 × 10⁴ cells/well) and treated with 100 nM PMA for 72−96 h to differentiate. Following differentiation, cells were challenged with the lipid electrophile for 24 h before being read using the calcein AM assay (described above).