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. 2011 Mar 21;192(6):979–992. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201005100

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Figure 8. — Effects of plasma membrane PS on Akt activation, downstream signaling, and apoptotic cell death induced by serum starvation. (a) Increasing plasma membrane PS in Neuro 2A cells by DHA supplementation or expressing the PSS1 (R95K) mutant enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream targets, resulting in less caspase-3 activation. In contrast, the PSA-3 mutant, where the PS level is lower in comparison to the WT, showed increased caspase-3 activation with decreased Akt signaling. (b) Quantitative analysis of the Western blot data. The band intensity was normalized to either Akt (pT308 and pS473) or actin level (pGSK-3β, pFOXO1, pBad, and active caspase-3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.