Table. Complications associated with port implantation.

Compliications	Intervention*1	Early	Late
Interventional/surgical complications
Inadvertent arterial puncture (e48)	+	–	–
Air embolism (e49)	+	+	+
Pneumothorax (e50)	++	+	–
Hematoma (e51)	++	+	–
Perforation (heart, major vessels) (e52– e55)	+	+	+
Cardiac arrhythmia (e56)	+	+	+
Plexus irritation (e57)	+	+	–
Catheter-related complications
Catheter dislocation (e58– e61)	+	+	+
Catheter entrapment (“pinch-off syndrome”) (e62– e65)	–	+	++
Catheter leakage and embolism (e66)	+	++	++
Fibrinous sheath (e67, e68)	–	+	++
Catheter thrombosis/occlusion (e60)	–	+	+
Migration or torsion of the port reservoir (e69)	+	+	+
Infection	–	++	++
Cutaneous necrosis (e70)	–	+	++
Vascular
Thrombosis	–	++	+++
Arteriovenous fistula (e71)	+	+	+

^*1complications arising during impalntation; frequency: – rare; + occasional; ++ common +++ very common