Fig. 1.

Human milk composition. (Left) Macronutrient composition of pooled human milk, with lactose being the most abundant component at 70 g/L, followed by lipids at 40 g/L. The third most abundant component is HMO at an estimated 5–15 g/L, followed by protein at 8 g/L. (Right) Pull-out pie chart showing composition of the most abundant HMOs. Masses of individual HMO structures are shown, along with their relative abundances, which were calculated from peak intensities presented in Ninonuevo et al. (21).