Table 1.

Chemokines and effectors of innate immunity produced by intestinal epithelial cells

Effector	Function	Source or ref.
APRIL	B cell proliferation inducing ligand promoting Ig class switching	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs
TSLP	Activates and stimulates survival of immune cell types including DC and CD4+ T cells	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs
SLPI	Conferring protection of epithelia from attack by endogenous proteolytic enzymes during immune responses	HPRD (6)*
TGF-β	Cytokine involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and coagulation; mainly secreted by macrophages	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs, HPRD
ALPI	Detoxifies lipopolysaccharide and prevents bacterial invasion across the gut mucosal barrier	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs, HPRD
IL-1β	An important mediator of the inflammatory response; is involved in diverse cellular activities including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.	(7), Entrez Gene GeneRIFs, HPRD
IL-7	Important for B and T cell development and cell survival	Entrez Gene, HPRD
IL-8	T cell chemotactic factor; angiogenic factor; mediates inflammatory responses	HPRD (7, 8)
IL-15	Cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation.	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs, HPRD
CCL20	Chemokine; macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha; small inducible cytokine	HPRD
CD46	Type I membrane protein that is a regulatory part of the complement system	This publication
CD55	Glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade	Entrez Gene/GeneRIFs, HPRD
SOCS3	Suppresses proinflammatory cytokine signaling; inhibitor of JAK2 and STAT3 signaling	(9)
ADM	Suppresses proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and NO production; inhibits T cell proliferation, induces regulatory T (Treg) cells	Entrez Gene, HPRD
POMC	Peptide hormone precursor with roles in energy homeostasis and immune modulation and homeostasis.	HPRD
defensins	A family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides involved in host defense	(4)

*Human Protein Reference Database, www.hprd.org.