Figure 2.—

Bias and MSE of relatedness estimates for unrelated (UR), parent–offspring (PO), full-sib (FS), and half-sib (HS) individuals drawn from a subpopulation, as a function of the differentiation (θ) of the subpopulation from the ancestral population. Relatedness was estimated assuming either a large random mating population (θ = 0, rows 1 and 3) or a structured population with known θ-value (rows 2 and 4). In both cases, the allele frequencies in the entire population are assumed known and used in the estimation. Ten markers, each having 10 alleles with frequencies in a uniform Dirichlet distribution, are used for estimating relatedness. The symbols in the plot are listed in Table 2, which are as follows: ▵, and ; ⋆, and ; ⋄, and ; □, and ; ▴, and ; and ★, and .