Figure 5.—

Bias and MSE of relatedness estimates for unrelated (UR) and full-sib (FS) individuals drawn from a subpopulation, as a function of sample size (number of individuals) used in estimating allele frequencies. The subpopulations are differentiated with a parameter value of θ = 0.1. Relatedness was estimated using the estimated allele frequencies of either the focal subpopulation (the direct approach, first row) or the entire population together with the parameter value of θ = 0.1 (the indirect approach, second row). In the latter case, allele frequencies were estimated from samples from 10 subpopulations. Ten markers, each having 10 alleles with frequencies in a uniform Dirichlet distribution, are used for estimating relatedness. The plotting symbols for the different estimators are listed in Table 2.