Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients with HCAP and CAPa
| Baseline Characteristics | HCAP (n = 231) | CAP (n = 296) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 63.5 ± 13.1 | 65.4 ± 15.7 | 0.148 |
| Male | 162 (70.1) | 194 (65.5) | 0.264 |
| Female | 69 (29.9) | 102 (34.5) | |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 52 (22.5) | 59 (19.9) | 0.471 |
| Chronic lung diseaseb | 22 (9.5) | 56 (18.9) | 0.003 |
| Central nervous system disorders | 26 (11.3) | 47 (15.9) | 0.127 |
| Renal disease | 31 (13.4) | 27 (9.1) | 0.118 |
| Hypertension | 93 (40.3) | 125 (42.2) | 0.649 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 (8.2) | 62 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 12 (5.2) | 16 (5.4) | 0.915 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 9 (3.9) | 18 (6.1) | 0.259 |
| Malignancy | 156 (67.5) | 58 (19.6) | <0.001 |
| Solid organ malignancy | 133 (57.6) | 42 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 26 (11.3) | 17 (5.7) | 0.022 |
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Confusion | 35 (15.2) | 34 (11.5) | 0.216 |
| Septic shock at onset | 57 (24.7) | 46 (15.5) | 0.009 |
| PaO2 < 60 mmHg, SpO2 < 90%, or PaO2/FiO2 < 300 | 79 (34.2) | 96 (32.4) | 0.669 |
| Pleural effusion | 43 (18.6) | 49 (16.6) | 0.536 |
| Acute renal failure at onset | 32 (13.9) | 37 (12.5) | 0.648 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| pH < 7.35 | 10 (4.3) | 23 (7.8) | 0.106 |
| Hematocrit < 30% | 87 (37.7) | 51 (17.2) | <0.001 |
| Glucose > 250 mg/dL | 20 (8.7) | 21 (7.1) | 0.506 |
| Blood urea nitrogen > 30 mg/dL | 67 (29.0) | 49 (16.6) | 0.001 |
| Leukocytes (×103/μl) | 12790 ± 13603 | 13175 ± 7519 | 0.700 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 15.4 ± 11.2 | 13.1 ± 10.0 | 0.017 |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (mm) | 83.2 ± 33.8 | 71.4 ± 35.7 | <0.001 |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) |
1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Prior antibiotics use | 97 (42.0) | 6 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppressedc | 142 (61.5) | 39 (13.2) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia Severity Index Risk Classes | 113.7 ± 32.3 | 92.2 ± 33.6 | <0.001 |
| Low (I-III) | 55 (23.8) | 159 (53.7) | |
| Intermediate (IV) | 115 (49.8) | 99 (33.4) | <0.001 |
| High (V) | 61 (26.4) | 38 (12.8) |
a Data are presented as numbers (percentages) unless otherwise indicated. Plus-minus values are means ± standard deviation.
b Chronic lung disease includes asthma, COPD, and structural lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease
c Immunosuppression includes the following: (1) daily administration of systemic corticosteroids (at least 15 mg of prednisone per day for more than one month or combination therapy with low dose corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants including azathioprine, mycophenolate, methotrexate, cyclosporine, or cyclophosphamide); (2) seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus; (3) received either a solid organ transplant or bone marrow transplant; (4) treated with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for an underlying malignancy during the 6 months prior to hospital admission; (5) an underlying acquired immune deficiency disorder
HCAP healthcare-associated pneumonia
CAP community-acquired pneumonia