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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010 Nov 11;51(4):534–541. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.11.005

Figure 4. Biased ligands and biased receptors.

Figure 4

GPCR can preferentially activate various signaling mechanisms following ligand stimulation. A) Binding of a biased ligand (purple: β arrestin bias; blue: G-protein bias), to an unbiased receptor results in a biased response activating either G-protein mediated or β-arrestin pathway. B) Similarly, binding of an unbiased ligand to the biased receptor (β-arrestin-biased in purple or G protein-biased in blue) also results in a biased response (Reproduced with permission from Ref [31]).