Table 2.

Incidence rates, incidence rate ratio, hazard ratio and adjusted hazard ratios for risk factors for tuberculosis.

	Tuberculosis cases	Person-years	Incidence rate (95% CI) per 100 person-years	Incidence rate ratio (95% CI)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Total	267	4287	6.2 (5.5–7.0)	–	–	–
Sex
Female	198	3468	5.7 (5.0–6.6)	REF	REF	REF
Male	68	814	8.3 (6.5–10.6)	1.46 (1.09–1.94)	1.46 (1.11–1.92)	1.22 (0.91–1.62)
Clinic location
Urban	192	3403	5.6 (4.9–6.5)	REF	REF	REF
Rural	75	883	8.5 (6.8–10.6)	1.51 (1.13–1.98)	1.51 (1.16–1.98)	1.36 (1.02–1.81)
Age at baseline visit (years)
17–29	62	1325	4.7 (3.6–6.0)	REF	REF	REF
30–39	125	1992	6.3 (5.3–7.5)	1.34 (0.98–1.85)	1.34 (0.98–1.82)	1.35 (0.99–1.83)
>39	80	965	8.3 (6.7–10.3)	1.77 (1.26–2.51)	1.77 (1.28–2.48)	1.59 (1.12–2.26)
CD4 cell count at baseline visit (cells/μl)
<100	64	598	10.7 (8.4–13.7)	REF	REF	REF
100–199	64	916	7.0 (5.5–8.9)	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.65 (0.46–0.93)	0.68 (0.48–0.96)
200–349	59	1125	5.2 (4.1–6.8)	0.49 (0.34–0.71)	0.49 (0.34–0.69)	0.40 (0.27–0.57)
>349	80	1649	4.9 (3.9–6.0)	0.45 (0.32–0.64)	0.45 (0.33–0.63)	0.35 (0.24–0.50)
IPT and HAART history
Naive	200	2815	7.1 (6.2–8.2)	REF	REF	REF
HAART only	44	952	4.6 (3.4–6.2)	0.65 (0.46–0.91)	0.62 (0.44–0.87)	0.36 (0.25–0.51)
IPT only	22	427	5.2 (3.4–7.8)	0.73 (0.44–1.13)	0.71 (0.45–1.10)	0.87 (0.55–1.36)
IPT and HAART	1	93	1.1 (0.2–7.6)	0.15 (0.004–0.85)	0.14 (0.02–1.03)	0.11 (0.02–0.78)

CI, confidence interval; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy.