Effects of hypertonic induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on cellular resistance to urea stress. A and B: MDCK (A) and mIMCD3 cells (B) were cultured in N100 for 0 h, 6 h, or 24 h as indicated, and immunoblotted for tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP), Hsp70, and heat shock constitutive 70 (Hsc70). Representative sets of three independent experiments are shown. C–F: MDCK (C and E) and mIMCD3 cells (D and F) were pretreated in hypertonic medium (N100) for 0 h (open circles), 6 h (shaded circles), or 24 h (filled circles). In C and D, the pretreated cells were cultured for 24 h in control medium or hypertonic medium containing additional 225 mM NaCl. In E and F, the pretreated cells were cultured for 48 h in control medium or hyperosmotic medium containing 400 mM urea. Cell death was assessed by %LDH release. Values are means ± SD; n = 3 passages. #P < 0.01 compared with 0 h pretreatment (open circles).