Table 2.
Participant characteristics by smoking status across quintiles of dim sum and meat-rich dietary pattern score: Singapore Chinese Health Study
| Ever smokers (n = 11,850) | Never smokers (n = 31,326) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic |
Q1 |
Q3 |
Q5 |
Q1 |
Q3 |
Q5 |
| Age (years) | 61.0 (7.2) | 57.2 (7.6) | 54.5 (7.3) | 56.9 (7.8) | 54.2 (7.2) | 52.3 (6.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (3.2) | 22.7 (3.2) | 22.7 (3.2) | 23.1 (3.1) | 23.2 (3.2) | 23.2 (3.3) |
| Any physical activity (% ever) | 28.5 | 25.2 | 25.9 | 29.7 | 27.3 | 30.1 |
| Education (% secondary or greater) | 17.4 | 25.6 | 35.2 | 24.1 | 30.1 | 43.4 |
| Female (%) | 29.5 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 82.6 | 74.4 | 60.3 |
| Hypertension (%) | 20.1 | 17.6 | 14.6 | 22.6 | 19.8 | 18.3 |
| Dietary intakes | ||||||
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1,313 (411) | 1,529 (411) | 2,176 (560) | 1,244 (368) | 1,474 (398) | 2,023 (518) |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 64.3 (6.9) | 60.5 (6.9) | 54.8 (6.7) | 62.8 (6.7) | 58.9 (6.5) | 54.4 (6.2) |
| Fat (% energy) | 21.2 (5.5) | 23.2 (5.3) | 27.6 (5.2) | 22.8 (5.2) | 25.5 (5.0) | 29.3 (4.7) |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 7.3 (2.4) | 8.3 (2.3) | 10.3 (2.3) | 7.7 (2.4) | 8.9 (2.2) | 10.7 (2.2) |
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 7.0 (2.0) | 7.9 (1.9) | 9.5 (1.9) | 7.5 (1.9) | 8.6 (1.8) | 10.0 (1.8) |
| Polyunsaturated (% energy) | 4.6 (2.0) | 4.6 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.1 (2.1) | 5.3 (1.9) | 5.6 (1.6) |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (g/day) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.5) |
| Omega-6 fatty acids (g/day) | 6.1 (3.8) | 6.9 (3.4) | 10.7 (4.5) | 6.4 (3.5) | 7.7 (3.8) | 11.2 (4.6) |
| Protein (% energy) | 14.0 (2.6) | 14.7 (2.4) | 15.3 (2.2) | 14.6 (2.5) | 15.4 (2.3) | 16.0 (2.1) |
| Soy protein (% total protein) | 10.1 (8.0) | 8.9 (6.3) | 8.8 (5.0) | 10.4 (7.6) | 9.9 (5.8) | 10.0 (5.3) |
| Fiber (g/1,000 kcal) | 8.6 (2.8) | 7.2 (2.2) | 6.8 (1.9) | 9.6 (3.0) | 8.4 (2.5) | 7.9 (2.0) |
| Starch (g/1,000 kcal) | 120.9 (24.0) | 110.9 (23.0) | 94.4 (20.0) | 113.0 (24.3) | 102.8 (21.5) | 89.9 (18.6) |
All values are mean (SD) except percentages (%).