Table 1.

Patient characteristics according to baseline quartiles of pulse pressure

	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	P value	Age-corrected P value
Patients (N)	1,145	1,080	1,137	1,147	—	—
Sex (% women)	42	50	58	56	<0.001	<0.001
Age (years)	33 ± 9	36 ± 10	39 ± 12	47 ± 12	<0.001	—
Duration (years)	17 ± 9	19 ± 11	22 ± 12	30 ± 12	<0.001	<0.001
Age at onset (years)	16 ± 11	17 ± 11	17 ± 11	17 ± 11	0.25	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.6 ± 3.7	24.8 ± 3.8	25.2 ± 3.5	25.5 ± 3.7	<0.001	0.025
HbA1c (%)	8.5 ± 1.7	8.4 ± 1.5	8.4 ± 1.4	8.5 ± 1.5	0.16	0.022
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 1.0	4.9 ± 1.0	4.9 ± 1.0	5.2 ± 1.1	<0.001	<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.6 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.5	0.49	0.073
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 0.8	3.0 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 0.9	<0.001	0.159
Triacylglycerol (mmol/L)	1.02 (0.77–1.43)	1.00 (0.75–1.41)	1.04 (0.77–1.46)	1.10 (0.81–1.58)	0.03	<0.001
Insulin dose (IU/kg)	0.74 ± 0.26	0.72 ± 0.26	0.70 ± 0.25	0.66 ± 0.24	<0.001	0.005
SBP (mmHg)	118 ± 10	127 ± 10	136 ± 11	156 ± 16	<0.001	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	80 ± 9	80 ± 10	79 ± 10	79 ± 11	0.39	0.022
PP (mmHg)	38 ± 5	48 ± 2	57 ± 3	76 ± 12	<0.001	<0.001
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	80 ± 9	82 ± 10	85 ± 10	92 ± 11	<0.001	<0.001
History of CVD (%)	4	6	7	19	<0.001	<0.001
History of smoking (%)	47	45	47	50	0.109	0.241
Antihypertensive medication (%)	24	28	38	62	<0.001	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	92 ± 30	93 ± 31	90 ± 34	87 ± 34	<0.001	<0.001
Diabetic nephropathy (%)	13	15	20	40	<0.001	<0.001

Values are expressed as means ± SD, percent, or median (interquartile range).

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.