Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95% CIs for poor control (HbA1c ≥8) in veterans with type 2 diabetes
| Model 1* | Model 2* | Final model* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Racial/ethnic group (reference: NHW) |
|||
| NHB |
1.707 (1.683–1.732) |
1.353 (1.333–1.374) |
1.333 (1.311–1.354) |
| Hispanic |
1.629 (1.595–1.664) |
1.534 (1.499–1.569) |
1.572 (1.536–1.608) |
| Other |
1.905 (1.874–1.937) |
1.135 (1.114–1.155) |
1.245 (1.222–1.268) |
| Residence (rural vs. urban) |
1.026 (1.014–1.037) |
1.020 (1.009–1.032) |
|
| Geographic region (reference: Northeast) |
|||
| South |
0.952 (0.934–0.969) |
0.907 (0.890–0.924) |
|
| Mid-Atlantic |
1.053 (1.033–1.074) |
1.007 (0.987–1.027) |
|
| Midwest |
0.941 (0.922–0.959) |
0.870 (0.852–0.888) |
|
| West |
0.951 (0.931–0.971) |
0.894 (0.875–0.913) |
|
| Age (1-year increase)† |
0.959 (0.959–0.960) |
0.965 (0.965–0.966) |
|
| Sex (female vs. male) |
0.920 (0.888–0.953) |
0.943 (0.910–0.977) |
|
| SCD (1% increase) |
0.999 (0.999–1.000) |
0.998 (0.998–0.999) |
|
| Marital status (single vs. married) |
1.149 (1.136–1.161) |
1.162 (1.149–1.175) |
|
| Medication type used to control diabetes (reference: oral hypoglycemics) |
|||
| Insulin |
2.349 (2.316–2.383) |
||
| Insulin and oral hypoglycemics |
3.530 (3.487–3.573) |
||
| Nonadherence (MPR ≤80% vs. >80%) |
1.048 (1.038–1.058) |
||
| Comorbidities (disease vs. no disease) |
|||
| Substance abuse |
1.002 (0.975–1.029) |
||
| Anemia |
0.837 (0.819–0.856) |
||
| Cancer |
0.924 (0.903–0.944) |
||
| Cerebrovascular disease |
0.932 (0.915–0.948) |
||
| Congestive heart failure |
1.136 (1.116–1.156) |
||
| Cardiovascular disease |
1.065 (1.034–1.096) |
||
| Depression |
1.071 (1.054–1.088) |
||
| Hypertension |
0.907 (0.896–0.919) |
||
| Liver disease |
0.766 (0.742–0.790) |
||
| Lung conditions |
0.998 (0.973–1.004) |
||
| Electrolyte disorders |
1.022 (0.997–1.048) |
||
| Obesity |
0.964 (0.949–0.979) |
||
| Psychoses |
0.929 (0.905–0.954) |
||
| Peripheral vascular disease |
1.033 (1.016–1.051) |
||
| Other disease | 0.847 (0.822–0.872) | ||
SCD, service-connected disability.
*Sequentially built models that each include time and time squared.
†Age centered.