Table 1. Descriptive statistics for nonverbal cognitive ability and language measures by eighth-grade diagnosis.
| Measure | NL | LC | SLI | NLI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| WISC PIQ | 104.36 (11.60) | 79.04 (7.40) | 97.83 (9.42) | 73.49 (10.51) |
| PPVT–R | 101.24 (13.59) | 91.53 (12.06) | 82.90 (8.96) | 76.26 (9.40) |
| CREVT | 96.99 (11.65) | 90.26 (9.68) | 82.44 (8.19) | 81.71 (7.14) |
| CELF: FD | 9.33 (2.84) | 8.36 (2.34) | 5.44 (1.98) | 4.28 (1.54) |
| CELF: SR | 8.98 (2.51) | 8.04 (2.15) | 4.54 (1.45) | 4.64 (1.82) |
| CELF: z score | −0.57 (0.79) | −0.81 (0.62) | −1.95 (0.47) | −2.02 (0.48) |
| Language composite | 0.08 (0.79) | −0.49 (0.62) | −1.50 (0.40) | −1.89 (0.70) |
Note. NL = normal language; LC = low cognition; SLI = specific language impairment; NLI = nonspecific language impairment; WISC PIQ = Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Performance IQ scale; PPVT–R = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised; CREVT = Comprehensive Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test; CELF: FD = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals: Following Directions subtest; SR = sentence repetition.