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. 2011 Mar 22;60(4):1122–1133. doi: 10.2337/db10-1160

FIG. 5.

FIG. 5.

Positive crosstalk occurs between ERK and P38 in AGA-treated retinal microglial cells. A: Effect of P38 and ERK inhibitors on AGA-induced MAP kinase activation. Cells were treated with AGA in the presence or absence of P38 inhibitor (SB203580) and ERK inhibitor (U0126) for 4 h. Phospho-ERK, total ERK, phospho-P38, and total P38 MAPK were determined as above. Each AGA-treated sample with or without inhibitors was compared with the untreated sample, set as 1.0. Data shown are the mean ± SD of three experiments. $P < 0.05; #P < 0.05; and **P < 0.001. B: Effect of individual vs. combined ERK and P38 inhibitors on TNF-α release. Cells were treated with U0126 or SB203580 alone or in combination for 30 min. Cells were then treated with AGA (500 μg/mL) for 4 h. TNF-α levels were compared with the vehicle-treated control. Data shown are the mean ± SD of three experiments.