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Rate constant of force redevelopment (ktr) in porcine atrial and ventricular myocardium. A representative trace of ktr as measured in maximal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) (pCa 4.5) in pig atrial (∼100% α-MHC, 22.4 ± 1.2 s−1) and ventricular (∼100% β-MHC, 2.5 ± 0.7 s−1) myocardium. Data are means ± SE. P, submaximal force; Po, maximal force.
