Table 3.

Estimates of population divergence times

TMRCA*	This study	Wegmann and Excoffier (23)	Hey (22)	Caswell et al. (21)	Becquet and Przeworski (20)
Bonobo–Chimpanzee	1.8 (1.5–2.3)	1.6 (1.01–2.00)	0.93 (0.68–1.54)	1.29 (1.14–1.45)	0.77 (0.58–1.00)
Upper Guinea–Central/Eastern (excluding Cameroon)†	0.43 (0.34–0.49)	0.55 (0.34–0.91)	0.46 (0.35–0.65)	0.51 (0.43–0.59)	0.38 (0.27–0.94)
Upper Guinea–Gulf of Guinea	0.46 (0.37–0.53)	—	—	—	—
Gulf of Guinea–Equatorial Africa‡	0.32 (0.25–0.36)	—	—	—	—
Southern Cameroon–Central/Eastern	0.11 (0.09–0.13)	—	—	—	—
Central–Eastern	0.10 (0.08–0.12)	0.44 (0.20–0.50)	0.093 (0.04–0.16)	—	0.22 (0.14–1.40)

*Time is expressed in millions of years ago (mya).

^†Estimated from data included in the dataset reliability tests performed for this study (SI Text, Table S3).

^‡Equatorial Africa includes chimpanzees from southern Cameroon, other parts of central Africa, and eastern Africa.