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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 25.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2009 Aug 3;54(3):502–508. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134049

Table 2.

Percent of Pre- Hypertensive and Hypertensive Children for SBP by BMI Percentile, Ethnic Group and Gender*

Normal Weight Children † Overweight Children ‡ Total
Unadjusted
BMI Adjusted
Ethnic
Group		 Number
of
Visits		 Number
Elevated		 % Number
of
Visits		 Number
Elevated		 % OR ∥
(95% CI)		 Number
of
Visits		 Number
Elevated		 % OR
(95% CI)		 p-
value§ 		OR
(95% CI)		 p-
value§
SBP Hypertension Boys
Caucasian 18,001 870 4.8 4,784 684 14.3 3.17
(2.84–3.54)		 22,785 1,554 6.8 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
African-
American		 10,919 528 4.8 2,328 328 14.1 3.07
(2.63–3.58)		 13,247 856 6.5 0.96
(0.87–1.05)		 0.39 0.91
(0.83–1.00)		 0.06
Hispanic 2,673 174 6.5 1,075 193 18.0 3.13
(2.51–3.90)		 3,748 367 9.8 1.49
(1.31–1.68)		 <0.001 1.29
(1.14–1.47)		 <0.001
SBP Pre-Hypertension Boys
Caucasian 18,001 2,074 11.5 4,784 891 18.6 2.00
(1.82–2.18)		 22,785 2,968 13.0 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
African-
American		 10,919 1,590 14.6 2,328 495 21.3 1.76
(1.56–1.98)		 13,247 2,085 15.7 1.26
(1.18–1.34)		 <0.001 1.21
(1.13–1.30)		 <0.001
Hispanic 2,673 368 13.8 1,075 213 19.8 1.83
(1.51–2.23)		 3,748 581 15.5 1.26
(1.14–1.40)		 <0.001 1.05
(0.94–1.17)		 0.41
SBP Hypertension Girls
Caucasian 17,691 856 4.8 4,164 556 13.4 2.94
(2.62–3.31)		 21,855 1,412 6.5 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
African-
American		 10,174 542 5.3 3,131 452 14.4 2.93
(2.54–3.37)		 13,305 994 7.5 1.16
(1.06–1.28)		 0.001 1.00
(0.91–1.09)		 0.92
Hispanic 2,540 124 4.9 1,076 172 16.0 3.61
(2.78–4.67)		 3,616 296 8.2 1.24
(1.08–1.43)		 0.003 1.02
(0.88–1.17)		 0.82
SBP Pre-Hypertension Girls
Caucasian 17,691 1,216 6.9 4,164 514 12.3 2.13
(1.90–2.37)		 21,855 1,730 7.9 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
African-
American		 10,174 813 8.0 3,131 414 13.2 1.96
(1.72–2.23)		 13,305 1,227 9.2 1.20
(1.11–1.30)		 <0.001 1.07
(0.98–1.16)		 0.11
Hispanic 2,540 175 6.9 1,076 133 12.4 2.18
(1.71–2.79)		 3,616 308 8.5 1.10
(0.97–1.26)		 0.14 0.94
(0.83–1.08)		 0.39
*

(Prehypertensive = (≥ 90th percentile or ≥ 120 mmHg) and < 95th percentile); hypertensive = ≥ 95th percentile based on quantile regression methods.

†

Normal weight children = BMI <85th percentile.

‡

Overweight children=BMI >=85th percentile.

§

Based on Proc GENMOD of SAS.

∥

Odds ratio for SBP hypertension (pre-hypertension) for overweight vs. normal weight children.