Table 3.
Percent of Pre- Hypertensive and Hypertensive Children for DBP by BMI Percentile, Ethnic Group and Gender *
| Normal Weight Children † | Overweight Children ‡ | Total |
Unadjusted |
BMI Adjusted |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic Group |
Number of Visits |
Number Elevated |
% | Number of Visits |
Number Elevated |
% | OR ∥ (95% CI) |
Number of Visits |
Number Elevated |
% | OR (95% CI) |
p- value§ |
OR (95% CI) |
p- value§ |
| DBP Hypertension Boys | ||||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 11,374 | 494 | 4.3 | 3,116 | 297 | 9.5 | 2.29 (1.96 – 2.67) |
14,490 | 791 | 5.5 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| African- American |
7,828 | 440 | 5.6 | 1,804 | 159 | 8.8 | 1.60 (1.32 – 1.94) |
9,632 | 599 | 6.2 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) |
0.008 | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) |
0.04 |
| Hispanic | 2,011 | 109 | 5.4 | 876 | 95 | 10.8 | 2.10 (1.57 – 2.81) |
2,887 | 204 | 7.1 | 1.32 (1.12–1.55) |
<0.001 | 1.19 (1.01–1.40) |
0.04 |
| DBP Pre-Hypertension Boys | ||||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 11,374 | 598 | 5.3 | 3,116 | 211 | 6.8 | 1.39 (1.18 – 1.64) |
14,490 | 809 | 5.6 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| African- American |
7,828 | 463 | 5.9 | 1,804 | 160 | 8.9 | 1.60 (1.32 – 1.95) |
9,632 | 623 | 6.5 | 1.18 (1.06–1.32) |
0.003 | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) |
0.01 |
| Hispanic | 2,011 | 114 | 5.7 | 876 | 52 | 5.9 | 1.11 (0.80–1.55) |
2,887 | 166 | 5.7 | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) |
0.56 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) |
0.72 |
| DBP Hypertension Girls | ||||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 11,210 | 544 | 4.9 | 2,781 | 332 | 11.9 | 2.62 (2.26–3.02) |
13,991 | 876 | 6.3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| African- American |
7,364 | 402 | 5.5 | 2,410 | 294 | 12.2 | 2.38 (2.03–2.80) |
9,774 | 696 | 7.1 | 1.15 (1.04–1.28) |
0.008 | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) |
0.72 |
| Hispanic | 1,954 | 89 | 4.6 | 898 | 99 | 11.0 | 2.58 (1.89–3.53) |
2,852 | 188 | 6.6 | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) |
0.59 | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) |
0.15 |
| DBP Pre-Hypertension Girls | ||||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 11,210 | 584 | 5.2 | 2,781 | 212 | 7.6 | 1.63 (1.39–1.92) |
13,991 | 796 | 5.7 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| African- American |
7,364 | 389 | 5.3 | 2,410 | 172 | 7.1 | 1.49 (1.24–1.80) |
9,774 | 561 | 5.7 | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) |
0.75 | 0.96 (0.85–1.07) |
0.47 |
| Hispanic | 1,954 | 89 | 4.6 | 898 | 57 | 6.3 | 1.53 (1.09–2.15) |
2,852 | 146 | 5.1 | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) |
0.24 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) |
0.04 |
*
Prehypertensive = (≥90th percentile or ≥ 80 mmHg) and < 95th percentile ; hypertensive = ≥ 95th percentile based on quantile regression methods.
†
Normal weight children = .BMI <85th percentile;
‡
Overweight children=BMI >=85th percentile
§
Based on Proc GENMOD of SAS
∥
Odds ratio for DBP hypertension (pre-hypertension) for overweight vs. normal weight children