Table 1.
Demography and Biochemical parameters among normal, non-diabetic metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes with and without metabolic syndrome groups
| Parameters | Normal (n = 131) | Non-diabetic MetS (n = 101) | Type 2 diabetes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| without MetS (n = 76) | with MetS (n = 227) | ||||
| Gender% | Male/Female | 18.5/29.2 | 23.9/14.8 | 17.7/11.3 | 39.9/44.7 |
| Malay | 25.9 | 17.5 | 13.7 | 43.0 | |
| Races % | Chinese | 36.1 | 22.1 | 14.8 | 27.0 |
| Indian | 12.1 | 18.8 | 14.8 | 54.4 | |
| Age (yrs) | 47.2(44.9-49.7) | 52.1(50.0-54.3) | 49.8(47.6-52.1) | 51.4(50.5-52.4) | |
| p-value | a0.003 | a0.349 | a0.002 | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 22.7(22.1-23.3) | 27.2(26.4-28.0) | 23.34(22.5-24.3) | 29.8(29.2-30.3) | |
| p-value | a3.8 × 10-13 | a0.515, b6.2 × 10-10 | a3.8 × 10-13, b3.2 × 10-6, c3.8 × 10-13 | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.2(77.4-81.1) | 94.5(92.8-96.3) | 82.9(80.7-85.2) | 98.6(97.4-99.7) | |
| p-value | a3.8 × 10-13 | a0.02, b4.2 × 10-13 | a3.8 × 10-13, b0.006, c3.8 × 10-13 | ||
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 80.0(78.4-81.5) | 85.6(83.6-87.6) | 79.3(77.1-81.5) | 83.1(81.7-84.5) | |
| p-value | a1.7 × 10-4 | a0.966, b2.3 × 10-4 | a0.02, b0.004, c0.02 | ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 130(127-134) | 139(136-143) | 129(125-134) | 136(134-139) | |
| p-value | a0.002 | a0.965, b0.002 | a0.02, c0.02 | ||
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 1.08(1.00-1.17) | 1.59(1.46-1.72) | 1.38(1.19-1.57) | 1.78(1.66-1.91) | |
| p-value | a1.6 × 10-6 | a0.02 | a3.6 × 10-13, c0.001 | ||
| High Density Lipoprotein (mmol/l) | 1.54(1.48-1.61) | 1.26(1.20-1.31) | 1.22(1.15-1.29) | 1.15(1.11-1.18) | |
| p-value | a1.2 × 10-10 | a2.6 × 10-12 | a4.8 × 10-13, b0.008 | ||
| Fasting Blood Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.02(4.93-5.10) | 5.36(5.23-5.49) | 8.05(7.41-8.74) | 7.74(7.39-8.11) | |
| p-value | 0.24a | a3.8 × 10-13, b3.8 × 10-13 | a3.8 × 10-13, b3.8 × 10-13 | ||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 45.7(41.7-50.1) | 77.3(69.6-85.8) | 63.7(52.9-76.5) | 120(110-131) | |
| p-value | a7.3 × 10-9 | a0.002 | a4.1 × 10-13, b5.0 × 10-8, c1.4 × 10-12 | ||
| Insulin resistance (IR) | 0.91(0.83-1.01) | 1.53(1.37-1.69) | 1.49(1.24-1.77) | 2.59(2.38-2.81) | |
| p-value | a1.0 × 10-6 | a3.2 × 10-5 | a4.1 × 10-13, b2.5 × 10-12, c3.8 × 1011 | ||
The result presented as geometric mean and 95% confidence interval of mean, avs control group: bvs non-diabetic metabolic syndrome group: cvs type 2 diabetes without metabolic syndrome which evaluated by ANOVA. Bolt values are significant. MetS: metabolic syndrome.