Table 1.
Average Facility Characteristics of Study Sample, 1999–2005
| I. By Reported Score | II. By Improvement | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | High | Middle | Low | Improved | No Change | Worse | ||
| Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | |
| Financial performance | ||||||||
| Net resident revenues (U.S.$ in 2005) | 8,200,110 | 19,700,000 | 8,149,017 | 8,405,780 | 7,041,154 | 8,412,762 | 8,206,766 | 7,388,145 |
| Total operating expenses (U.S.$ in 2005) | 7,896,810 | 7,075,292 | 7,919,005 | 8,061,937 | 6,901,513 | 8,215,950 | 7,846,288 | 7,284,245 |
| Operating profit margin | −0.96 | 12.20 | 0.13 | −1.02 | −1.70 | −0.99 | −0.90 | −1.39 |
| Total profit margin | 1.51 | 10.93 | 2.36 | 1.45 | 1.00 | 1.58 | 1.53 | 1.09 |
| 15 MDS quality measures | ||||||||
| % Long-stay residents | ||||||||
| Increased need for help with daily activities | 11.17 | 5.29 | 11.15 | 11.18 | 11.12 | 11.28 | 11.08 | 11.63 |
| Moderate to severe pain | 6.69 | 5.34 | 4.95 | 6.69 | 8.50 | 6.63 | 6.74 | 6.46 |
| Pressure sores (high risk) | 14.22 | 6.99 | 12.66 | 14.38 | 14.88 | 14.13 | 14.25 | 14.32 |
| Pressure sores (low risk) | 3.01 | 3.55 | 2.36 | 3.04 | 3.49 | 2.97 | 3.00 | 3.19 |
| Physically restrained | 8.35 | 8.08 | 7.63 | 8.45 | 8.46 | 8.38 | 8.34 | 8.36 |
| Depressed or anxious | 16.20 | 6.31 | 15.43 | 16.12 | 17.43 | 16.28 | 16.17 | 16.16 |
| Lose control of their bowls or bladder (low risk) | 47.90 | 13.70 | 47.34 | 48.00 | 47.89 | 48.05 | 47.85 | 47.85 |
| Catheter inserted and left in their bladder | 5.82 | 3.82 | 5.32 | 5.88 | 6.01 | 5.84 | 5.82 | 5.74 |
| In bed or in a chair | 4.85 | 5.32 | 4.17 | 4.87 | 5.44 | 4.81 | 4.87 | 4.83 |
| Ability to move in/around their room got worse | 15.57 | 7.81 | 16.17 | 15.48 | 15.50 | 15.75 | 15.45 | 16.13 |
| Urinary track infection | 8.51 | 4.65 | 8.09 | 8.48 | 9.12 | 8.56 | 8.49 | 8.54 |
| Lose too much weight | 10.01 | 4.74 | 9.40 | 10.05 | 10.40 | 10.00 | 9.98 | 10.37 |
| % Short-stay residents | ||||||||
| Delirium | 3.79 | 4.91 | 2.10 | 3.73 | 5.88 | 3.90 | 3.76 | 3.75 |
| Moderate to severe pain | 22.78 | 13.60 | 16.58 | 22.83 | 28.88 | 22.19 | 22.97 | 23.03 |
| Pressure sores | 26.85 | 13.79 | 20.85 | 26.98 | 32.33 | 26.37 | 27.03 | 26.76 |
| Facility | ||||||||
| For-profit | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.76 |
| Chain | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.67 |
| Certified beds | 129 | 69 | 129 | 132 | 116 | 134 | 129 | 119 |
| Market | ||||||||
| Herfindahl–Hirschman index (0, 1) | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.24 |
| No. of observation | 42,542 | 5,510 | 31,657 | 5,375 | 10,269 | 29,343 | 2,930 | |
| No. of facility | 6,286 | 812 | 4,672 | 802 | 1,507 | 4,337 | 442 | |