Table 2.

Relationship of Patient Safety Climate to Readmission Rates for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), Heart Failure (HF), and Pneumonia (PNA)

	AMI	HF	PNA
Senior management engagement	0.0804**	0.0744*	0.0264
	(0.0157–0.145)	(−0.0125 to 0.161)	(−0.0587 to 0.112)
Organizational resources	0.0642*	0.0705	0.0395
	(−0.00274 to 0.131)	(−0.0220 to 0.163)	(−0.0367 to 0.116)
Overall emphasis on safety	0.0968***	0.113***	0.0476
	(0.0336–0.160)	(0.0342–0.191)	(−0.0389 to 0.134)
Problem responsiveness	0.0853**	0.0903*	0.017
	(0.00805–0.163)	(−0.0141 to 0.195)	(−0.0702 to 0.104)
Unit safety norms	0.186***	0.259***	0.0193
	(0.0914–0.281)	(0.104–0.414)	(−0.134 to 0.172)
Unit recognition and support	0.0345	0.0599	0.0263
	(−0.0288 to 0.0978)	(−0.0123 to 0.132)	(−0.0466 to 0.0991)
Unit manager support	0.0506	0.0344	0.0201
	(−0.0253 to 0.126)	(−0.0541 to 0.123)	(−0.0532 to 0.0934)
Collective learning	0.116**	0.160***	0.0454
	(0.00770 to 0.225)	(0.0429 to 0.278)	(−0.0724 to 0.163)
Psychological safety	0.0644	0.0602	0.011
	(−0.0578 to 0.187)	(−0.0597 to 0.180)	(−0.0900 to 0.112)
Fear of shame	0.0126	−0.0827	0.0831
	(−0.213 to 0.238)	(−0.277 to 0.111)	(−0.0837 to 0.250)
Fear of blame	0.051	0.106***	0.0611*
	(−0.0158 to 0.118)	(0.0365 to 0.176)	(−0.00182 to 0.124)
Provision of safe care	−0.0138	0.0067	0.02
	(−0.0831 to 0.0555)	(−0.0708 to 0.0842)	(−0.0456 to 0.0857)
Overall	0.123**	0.160**	0.0715
	(0.0164 to 0.229)	(0.0210–0.299)	(−0.0689 to 0.212)

Note. Values represent standardized β coefficients; 95% confidence interval in parentheses. Models adjusted for census region where the hospital is located and whether the hospital was for-profit, nonprofit, or government owned.

^***p<.01;

^**p<.05;

^*p<.1.