Table 1.
Sample Descriptives
| %/Mean | SE | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | |||
| Medicaid acceptance | 0.553 | 0.0137 | 0, 1 |
| Program-level predictors | |||
| Accreditation, ownership, and public funding | |||
| Program accreditation | |||
| CARF | 0.162 | 0.0060 | 0, 1 |
| COA | 0.054 | 0.0038 | 0, 1 |
| JCAHO | 0.123 | 0.0054 | 0, 1 |
| Licensed/certified by state substance abuse agency | 0.867 | 0.0055 | 0, 1 |
| Ownership | |||
| Private for-profit | 0.336 | 0.0097 | 0, 1 |
| Government | 0.108 | 0.0053 | 0, 1 |
| Private not-for-profit | 0.556 | 0.0114 | 0, 1 |
| Receive public funds | 0.642 | 0.0080 | 0, 1 |
| Client-related factors | |||
| Outpatient client count quartiles | |||
| 0–15 | 0.254 | 0.0052 | 0, 1 |
| 16–40 | 0.245 | 0.0044 | 0, 1 |
| 41–90 | 0.244 | 0.0042 | 0, 1 |
| 91+ | 0.258 | 0.0058 | 0, 1 |
| Payment assistance | 0.815 | 0.0061 | 0, 1 |
| Provision of services in language other than English | 0.473 | 0.0107 | 0, 1 |
| Total clients under age 18 | |||
| 0 | 0.529 | 0.0093 | 0, 1 |
| 1–10 | 0.253 | 0.0074 | 0, 1 |
| 11–666 | 0.218 | 0.0045 | 0, 1 |
| Facility primary focus | |||
| Substance abuse treatment services or a mix of mental health and substance abuse services (neither is primary) | 0.616 | 0.0091 | 0, 1 |
| Mental health services | 0.082 | 0.0038 | 0, 1 |
| General health care | 0.287 | 0.0069 | 0, 1 |
| Other | 0.016 | 0.0011 | 0, 1 |
| Special population programming | |||
| Adolescents (N=16,338) | 0.634 | 0.0080 | 0, 1 |
| Criminal justice clients (N=25,108) | 0.372 | 0.0074 | 0, 1 |
| Dually diagnosed (N=24,593) | 0.398 | 0.0060 | 0, 1 |
| Gays/lesbians (N=26,216) | 0.061 | 0.0032 | 0, 1 |
| Persons with HIV/AIDS (N=25,707) | 0.103 | 0.0061 | 0, 1 |
| Pregnant/postpartum women (N=23,843) | 0.172 | 0.0058 | 0, 1 |
| Seniors (N=24,385) | 0.077 | 0.0032 | 0, 1 |
| Other groups for women (N=24,854) | 0.381 | 0.0060 | 0, 1 |
| Other groups for men (N=24,365) | 0.272 | 0.0062 | 0, 1 |
| County-level predictors | |||
| Median household income (in U.S.$1,000s) | 43.016 | 0.4998 | 16.27–82.93 |
| Median household income, first quartile (≤U.S.$31,066) | 0.107 | 0.0118 | 0, 1 |
| Percent population African American | 10.909 | 0.7180 | 0.00–78.97 |
| Percent population Hispanic | 11.859 | 1.2366 | 0.29–97.54 |
| Population density per square mile (in 1,000s) | 2.136 | 0.6312 | 0.00–66.94 |
| Total substance abuse treatment programs (in 10s)* | 2.871 | 0.8366 | 0.10–29.00 |
| State-level predictors | |||
| Population characteristics | |||
| Percent population white | 68.878 | 0.9629 | 23.71–96.20 |
| Percent state population below federal poverty level | 16.497 | 0.1215 | 8.50–27.40 |
| Substance abuse treatment indicators | |||
| Per capita state expenditure on substance abuse treatment | 3.985 | 0.0369 | 2.97–6.27 |
| Treatment gap | 2.704 | 0.0116 | 2.04–3.48 |
| Medicaid policy and usage | |||
| Medicaid covers outpatient substance abuse treatment | 0.780 | 0.0155 | 0, 1 |
| Medicaid coverage of nonelderly adults | 40.759 | 0.2797 | 22.30–59.50 |
| Percent of general fund spending on Medicaid | 17.450 | 0.2609 | 3.90–40.20 |
| Year | |||
| 2003 | 0.245 | 0.0019 | 0, 1 |
| 2004 | 0.238 | 0.0015 | 0, 1 |
| 2005 | 0.268 | 0.0015 | 0, 1 |
| 2006 | 0.249 | 0.0018 | 0, 1 |
Notes. N for all variables other than special population programs=27,381. N's for special population programs reported separately.
*
Number of treatment programs reported in N-SSATS data included in the current analysis sample.
CARF, Commission on Accreditation and Rehabilitation Facilities; COA, Council on Accreditation for Children and Family Services; JCAHO, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.