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. 2011 Mar 15;2011:925653. doi: 10.4061/2011/925653

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Trans Valvular Impedance (TVI) system (Medico, Italy). TVI waveform mirrors the time-course of ventricular volume along the cardiac cycle, detecting by M-mode Echo. TVI increases during ventricular systole and decreases during passive and active filling period.