Table 2.
Means for the acoustic measurements for each of the six talker groups. The standard deviation for each measurement is shown in parentheses after the mean
| New England | North | North Midland | South Midland | South | West | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r-fulness (ΔHz) | 262 (92) | 409 (124) | 358 (149) | 462 (155) | 422 (121) | 451 (145) |
| vowel brightness (Hz) | 2373 (196) | 2302 (98) | 2330 (136) | 2133 (351) | 2203 (149) | 2179 (230) |
| fricative voicing (%) | 0.07 (0.10) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.27 (0.42) | 0.57 (0.49) | 0.03 (0.04) |
| fricative duration (%) | 0.33 (0.04) | 0.36 (0.03) | 0.36 (0.03) | 0.34 (0.07) | 0.29 (0.07) | 0.35 (0.02) |
| /u/ backness (Hz) | 609 (218) | 557 (198) | 496 (156) | 293 (152) | 337 (122) | 334 (166) |
| /oʊ/ backness (Hz) | 1004 (150) | 1105 (203) | 991 (149) | 1038 (150) | 1012 (129) | 939 (203) |
| /oʊ/ diphthong (ΔHz) | −71 (78) | −148 (108) | −40 (130) | 22 (167) | 37 (113) | −41 (58) |
| /æ/ backness (Hz) | 601 (151) | 399 (137) | 440 (124) | 425 (103) | 494 (69) | 491 (154) |
| /æ/ diphthong (ΔHz) | 256 (128) | 177 (46) | 255 (120) | 280 (175) | 223 (67) | 233 (107) |
| /aɪ/ diphthong (ΔHz) | 452 (147) | 418 (149) | 402 (164) | 278 (134) | 331 (143) | 350 (190) |
| /oɪ/ diphthong (ΔHz) | 301 (200) | 384 (184) | 434 (188) | 250 (225) | 226 (165) | 445 (197) |