FIGURE 1.

Mathematical model estimates for dietary consumption of caffeine and energy drinks in children aged 5 to 12 years (A), adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (B), and young males aged 19 to 24 years (C) using caffeine-concentration data from food and beverages combined with 24-hour diet-recall information from the 1997 New Zealand National Nutrition Survey and the 2002 New Zealand National Children's Nutrition Survey. A, Distribution of dietary baseline caffeine-exposure estimates for children (5–12 years old).⁴⁶ P95 indicates the 95th percentile exposure and represents a high consumer. Caffeine-exposure units are mg/kg of body weight per day. B, Distribution of dietary baseline caffeine-exposure estimates for teenagers (13–19 years old).⁴⁶ C, Distribution of dietary baseline caffeine-exposure for young males (19–24 years old).⁴⁶ Reproduced with permission from David Crowe, manager of consumer communications for the New Zealand Food Safety Authority.