TABLE 5.
The Mediating Role of Childhood BMI Trajectory in the Associations Between Prenatal Factors and SBP in Children at 7 Years of Age (N = 27 625)
| Independent Variable | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Difference (95% CI)a | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | Mean Difference (95% CI)a | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | ||||||
| Never smoking | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate smoking | 0.21 (−0.05 to 0.47) | 0.23 (−0.03 to 0.49) | 0.12 (−0.14 to 0.38) | 0.12 (−0.13 to 0.38) | −0.14 (−0.39 to 0.11) | −0.12 (−0.37 to 0.13) |
| Heavy smoking | 0.73 (0.32–1.14)b | 0.78 (0.37–1.20)b | 0.55 (0.13–0.96)b | 0.64 (0.23–1.04)b | 0.13 (−0.27 to 0.54) | 0.28 (−0.12 to 0.68) |
| Prepregnancy BMI | ||||||
| Underweight (<19.8) | −0.85 (−1.14 to −0.56)b | −0.82 (−1.11 to −0.53)b | −0.81 (−1.10 to −0.52)b | −0.56 (−0.85 to −0.27)b | −0.36 (−0.64 to −0.07)b | 0.02 (−0.27 to 0.30) |
| Normal weight (19.8–26.0) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight-obesity (>26.0) | 0.89 (0.52–1.26)b | 0.88 (0.51–1.25)b | 0.86 (0.49–1.23)b | 0.48 (0.12–0.85)b | 0.24 (−0.12 to 0.60) | −0.04 (−0.40 to 0.31) |
| Pregnancy weight gain | ||||||
| Low weight gain | 0.18 (−0.10 to 0.46) | 0.22 (−0.06 to 0.50) | 0.14 (−0.14 to 0.41) | 0.18 (−0.09 to 0.46) | 0.08 (−0.19 to 0.35) | 0.40 (0.13–0.67)b |
| Normal weight gain | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Excessive weight gain | −0.34 (−0.81 to 0.13) | −0.35 (−0.83 to 0.12) | −0.32 (−0.79 to 0.15) | −0.40 (−0.87 to 0.06) | −0.39 (−0.85 to 0.06) | −0.52 (−0.97 to −0.07)b |
| Chronic hypertension | 1.22 (0.55–1.88)b | 1.22 (0.55–1.89)b | 1.26 (0.59–1.93)b | 1.09 (0.43–1.74)b | 1.14 (0.49–1.80)b | 1.21 (0.57–1.85)b |
| Preeclampsia-eclampsia | 0.45 (0.12–0.78)b | 0.48 (0.15–0.81)b | 0.43 (0.11–0.76)b | 0.39 (0.06–0.71)b | 0.32 (0.00–0.64)b | 0.50 (0.19–0.82)b |
| BMI at birth | 0.16 (0.06–0.25)b | 1.39 (1.27–1.51)b | ||||
| Change in BMI from birth to 1 y | 0.34 (0.28–0.41)b | 0.87 (0.80–0.94)b | 1.44 (1.35–1.52)b | |||
| Change in BMI from 1 to 7 y of age | 0.87 (0.80–0.93)b | 1.21 (1.14–1.28)b | 1.46 (1.39–1.54)b |
a
Adjusted for maternal characteristics (age at pregnancy, race, marital status, family socioeconomic status percentile and parity) and gestational age and gender of the child.
b
P < .05.