TABLE 2.
Results of Comparisons in Executive Function Between Very Preterm and Term Adolescents at 16 Years
| Preterm |
Term |
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI) | Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI), Controlling for PPVT-R Score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | Impairment (<2 SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Impairment (<2 SD) | |||
| D-KEFS verbal fluency | ||||||||
| Letters scaled score | 307 | 8.7 (3.6) | 8.1% | 100 | 10.8 (3.3) | 0 | −1.5 (−2.3–−0.7)a | −1.0 (−1.7–−0.3)b |
| Category scaled score | 301 | 9.7 (3.7) | 6.3% | 99 | 11.3 (3.1) | 1.0% | −1.3 (−2.1–−0.5)a | −0.8 (−1.5–−0.0)b |
| D-KEFS color/word | ||||||||
| Inhibition scaled score | 302 | 7.9 (3.8) | 17.6% | 99 | 10.2 (2.6) | 3.0% | −2.0 (−2.8–−1.2)a | −1.5 (−2.2–−0.8)a |
| Inhibition switching scaled score | 302 | 8.4 (3.8) | 15.6% | 98 | 10.3 (2.9) | 3.0% | −1.5 (−2.4–−0.7)a | −1.0 (−1.8–−0.3)b |
| D-KEFS Tower | ||||||||
| Total achievement scaled score | 301 | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.3% | 99 | 10.3 (2.2) | 0 | −1.6 (−2.2–−0.9)a | −1.1 (−1.7–−0.5)a |
| WMS spatial span | ||||||||
| Backward span scaled score | 300 | 8.8 (3.9) | 11% | 95 | 11.0 (2.7) | 0 | −1.7 (−2.5–−0.8)a | −1.0 (−1.8–−0.3)b |
Impairment was defined as a score that fell 2 SDs below the standard mean. Gender, maternal education, minority status, and single-parent household were adjusted for. Mean differences were adjusted for PPVT-R scores to take into account the effect of differential intelligence between the 2 groups.
a
P < .005.
b
P < .05.