TABLE 2. Occupational Exposure to PAHs and Plastics in Relation to RCC Risk.
| Exposure | Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |||
| PAHs | ||||||
| All PAHs | ||||||
| Unexposed | 808 | 97.8 | 1156 | 97.5 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 18 | 2.2 | 30 | 2.5 | 0.8 | (0.4--1.4) |
| Coal combustion fumes | ||||||
| Unexposed | 805 | 97.5 | 1146 | 96.6 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 21 | 2.5 | 40 | 3.4 | 0.8 | (0.5--1.4) |
| Coke combustion fumes* | ||||||
| Unexposed | 803 | 97.2 | 1152 | 97.1 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 23 | 2.8 | 34 | 2.9 | 1.1 | (0.6--2.2) |
| Wood combustion fumes | ||||||
| Unexposed | 817 | 98.9 | 1175 | 99.1 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 9 | 1.1 | 11 | 0.9 | 1.2 | (0.5--3.0) |
| Petroleum oil combustion fumes | ||||||
| Unexposed | 816 | 98.8 | 1160 | 97.8 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 10 | 1.2 | 26 | 2.2 | 0.7 | (0.3--1.4) |
| Petroleum/gasoline engine emissions | ||||||
| Unexposed | 717 | 86.8 | 975 | 82.2 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 109 | 13.2 | 211 | 17.8 | 0.8 | (0.6--1.0) |
| Diesel/kerosene engine emissions | ||||||
| Unexposed | 647 | 78.3 | 919 | 77.5 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 179 | 21.7 | 267 | 22.5 | 1.0 | (0.8--1.2) |
| Plastics pyrolysis products | ||||||
| Unexposed | 753 | 91.2 | 1074 | 90.6 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 73 | 8.8 | 112 | 9.4 | 0.9 | (0.6--1.2) |
| Lubricating oil mist | ||||||
| Unexposed | 569 | 68.9 | 837 | 70.6 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 257 | 31.1 | 349 | 29.4 | 1.0 | (0.8--1.3) |
| Cutting fluids mist | ||||||
| Unexposed | 746 | 90.3 | 1032 | 87.0 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 80 | 9.7 | 154 | 13.0 | 0.8 | (0.6--1.1) |
| Other mineral oils mist | ||||||
| Unexposed | 681 | 82.4 | 1010 | 85.2 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 145 | 17.6 | 176 | 14.8 | 1.1 | (0.8--1.4) |
| Asphalt bitumen fumes | ||||||
| Unexposed | 805 | 97.5 | 1154 | 97.3 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 21 | 2.5 | 32 | 2.7 | 1.0 | (0.5--1.7) |
| Coal tar and pitch fumes | ||||||
| Unexposed | 809 | 97.9 | 1163 | 98.1 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 17 | 2.1 | 23 | 1.9 | 0.9 | (0.5--1.8) |
| Plastics | ||||||
| Vinyl chloride | ||||||
| Unexposed | 816 | 98.8 | 1167 | 98.4 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 10 | 1.2 | 19 | 1.6 | 0.9 | (0.4--1.9) |
| Acrylonitrile | ||||||
| Unexposed | 816 | 98.8 | 1180 | 99.5 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 10 | 1.2 | 6 | 0.5 | 2.5 | (0.9--7.1) |
| Styrene | ||||||
| Unexposed | 809 | 97.9 | 1172 | 98.8 | 1.0 | |
| Exposed | 17 | 2.1 | 14 | 1.2 | 1.7 | (0.8--3.6) |
PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; RCC, renal cell carcinomas.
Adjusted for age, sex, study center, body mass index, self-reported hypertension (no, yes), smoking status (never, ever), and family history of cancer (no, yes).
*
Also adjusted for occupational coke dust exposure. RCC risk for occupational exposure to creosote fumes not shown due to small number of exposed subjects (N = 4 cases, N = 4 controls).