Table 2.

Factors associated with detection of NVP resistance in breast milk 4 weeks after sdNVP administration (Uganda, 2003–2004).

	N	BM Resistance	No BM Resistance	P value
Number of women	30	12	18
Maternal plasma NVP resistance at 4 weeks	30	8/12 (66.7%)	5/18 (27.8%)	0.06 c
Median maternal pre-NVP viral load	30	1002	1035	0.33 b
Median maternal pre-NVP CD4 cell count	30	0.371	0.341	0.75 b
Median breast milk viral load at 4 weeks	30	352	200	0.37 b
Median pre-NVP breast milk WBC	30	6.90	5.85	0.18 b
Breast milk sodium ≥ 10 mmol/L at 1 week	22	7/11 (64%)	3/11 (27%)	0.20 c
Breast milk sodium ≥ 10 mmol/L at 4 weeks	19	5/10 (50%)	2/9 (22%)	0.35 c
HIV subtypea	30			0.10 c
A		4/12 (33.3%)	11/18 (61.1%)
C		1/12 (8.3%)	0/18 (0%)
D		5/12 (41.7%)	7/18 (38.9%)
Intersubtype recombinant		2/12 (16.7%)	0/18 (0%)
Non-A		8/12 (66.7%)	7/18 (38.9%)	0.26 c
Non-D		7/12 (58.3%)	11/18 (61.1%)	1.00 c
Pharmacokinetic analysis d
Detection of NVP in plasma at 1 week	30	12/12 (100%)	18/18 (100%)	1.00 c
Detection of NVP in plasma at 2 weeks	29	8/11 (72.7%)	13/18 (72.2%)	1.00 c
Median NVP level in plasma at 1 week (range)	30	133 (16–379)	168 (20–744)	0.37 b
Median NVP level in plasma at 2 weeks (range)	29	16 (<10–46)	16 (<10–83)	0.98 b
Detection of NVP in breast milk at 1 week	29	11/12 (91.7%)	17/17 (100%)	0.41 c
Detection of NVP in breast milk at 2 weeks	23	8/10 (80%)	8/13 (61.5%)	0.40 c
Median NVP level in breast milk at 1 week (range)	29	82 (<10–226)	132 (31–576)	0.14 b
Median NVP level in breast milk at 2 weeks (range)	23	15 (<10–33)	14 (<10–64)	0.70 b

^aP value for all subtypes.

^bWilcoxon test

^cFisher’s exact test

^dNVP levels below 10 ng/ml were below the limit of quantification of the assay.