Table 2.
Bivariate associations between race/ethnicity and all study variables
| NHWhite (n = 141) |
NHAfr/Crb (n = 126) |
Hispanic (n = 26) |
Other (n = 47) |
P-value** |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n or mean | % or SE | n or mean | % or SE | n or mean | % or SE | n or mean | % or SE | |||
| Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Mean age | 44.5 | 14.7 | 39.1 | 11.2 | 35.3 | 11.8 | 40.2 | 13.2 | 0.00 | |
| Female (n, %yes) | 124 | 87.9 | 101 | 80.2 | 18 | 69.2 | 36 | 76.6 | 0.06 | |
| Household income (adj for # supported) | 34542 | 12908 | 21757 | 11381 | 24911 | 13875 | 29287 | 12895 | < 0.01 | |
| Education | < 0.01 | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 7 | 5.0 | 30 | 23.8 | 3 | 11.5 | 12 | 25.5 | ||
| High school or GED | 31 | 22.0 | 45 | 35.7 | 14 | 53.9 | 16 | 34.0 | ||
| Some college | 77 | 54.6 | 42 | 33.3 | 6 | 23.1 | 11 | 23.4 | ||
| College or more | 26 | 18.4 | 9 | 7.1 | 3 | 11.5 | 8 | 17.0 | ||
| Married or living with partner (n, %yes) | 76 | 53.9 | 76 | 60.3 | 12 | 46.2 | 28 | 59.6 | 0.48 | |
| Smoker (n, %yes) | 51 | 36.2 | 7 | 5.6 | 3 | 11.5 | 8 | 17.0 | < 0.01 | |
| Number of drinks/week | < 0.01 | |||||||||
| 0 | 79 | 56.0 | 112 | 88.9 | 19 | 73.1 | 35 | 74.5 | ||
| 1-4 | 34 | 24.1 | 9 | 7.1 | 5 | 19.2 | 5 | 10.6 | ||
| 5+ | 28 | 19.9 | 5 | 4.0 | 2 | 7.7 | 7 | 14.9 | ||
| Foreign-born (n, %yes) | 11 | 7.8 | 118 | 93.7 | 21 | 80.8 | 38 | 80.9 | < 0.01 | |
| Mean hourly wage* | 18.5 | 8.1 | 12.9 | 4.8 | 13.1 | 5.7 | 13.7 | 7.3 | < 0.01 | |
| Mean body mass index* | 27.1 | 5.9 | 28.7 | 5.6 | 29.0 | 4.7 | 27.8 | 5.7 | 0.12 | |
| Apnea* (n, %yes) | 5 | 3.6 | 8 | 6.5 | 2 | 7.7 | 1 | 2.3 | ||
| Occupational Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Total hours worked/week | 36.8 | 9.9 | 43.9 | 11.3 | 40.9 | 13.7 | 39.6 | 15.1 | < 0.01 | |
| Any night shift in past 4weeks (n, %yes) | 22 | 15.6 | 41 | 32.5 | 9 | 34.6 | 15 | 31.9 | 0.01 | |
| Job strain category | < 0.01 | |||||||||
| Low Strain | 62 | 44.0 | 22 | 17.5 | 3 | 11.5 | 10 | 21.3 | ||
| Passive | 20 | 14.2 | 32 | 25.4 | 9 | 34.6 | 14 | 29.8 | ||
| Active | 48 | 34.0 | 21 | 16.7 | 5 | 19.2 | 11 | 23.4 | ||
| High Strain | 11 | 7.8 | 51 | 40.5 | 9 | 34.6 | 12 | 25.5 | ||
| Occupation | < 0.01 | |||||||||
| Healthcare Practitioner (RN or LPN) | 49 | 34.8 | 13 | 10.3 | 3 | 11.5 | 7 | 14.9 | ||
| Healthcare support (CNA) | 40 | 28.4 | 91 | 72.2 | 9 | 34.6 | 22 | 46.8 | ||
| Office and administrative | 25 | 17.7 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 7.7 | 1 | 2.1 | ||
| Food Service and maintenance | 27 | 19.2 | 21 | 16.7 | 12 | 46.2 | 17 | 36.2 | ||
| Worked overtime in past 4weeks | 62 | 44.0 | 62 | 49.2 | 14 | 53.9 | 23 | 48.9 | 0.73 | |
| Worked multiple shifts | 4 | 2.8 | 14 | 11.1 | 1 | 3.9 | 2 | 4.3 | 0.04 | |
| Work-family Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Child in household (n, %yes) | 60 | 42.6 | 83 | 65.9 | 12 | 46.2 | 25 | 53.2 | < 0.01 | |
| Often preoccupied with work while at home | 14 | 9.9 | 8 | 6.4 | 2 | 7.7 | 5 | 10.6 | 0.70 | |
| Primary wage earner (n, %yes) | 71 | 50.4 | 73 | 57.9 | 17 | 65.4 | 23 | 48.9 | 0.34 | |
| Outcome | ||||||||||
| Mean daily sleep duration (minutes) | 445.8 | 62.1 | 380.6 | 75.8 | 409.0 | 57.9 | 405.3 | 68.3 | < 0.01 | |
*
Sample sizes are slightly different due to missing data: wage n = 335; BMI n = 319; apnea n = 334.
**
Overall chi-square or t-test P-value.
GED, graduate equivalency degree; NH, non-Hispanic; RN, registered nurse; LPN, licensed practical nurse; CNA, certified nursing assistant.